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How Much House Can I Afford?

A simple breakdown of how lenders calculate what you qualify for — and how to think about it yourself.

Understanding affordability is the first real step. Here's how lenders think about it — and how you should too.

The 28/36 Rule

Most lenders follow this guideline:

  • 28% — Your monthly housing costs (mortgage, taxes, insurance) shouldn't exceed 28% of your gross monthly income.
  • 36% — Your total debt payments (housing + car loans, student loans, credit cards) shouldn't exceed 36% of gross income.

Quick Example

Household income: $85,000/year ($7,083/month)
Max housing payment (28%): ~$1,983/month
At today's rates, that could support a home price around $350,000–$400,000 depending on down payment, taxes, and insurance.

What Lenders Look At

  • Gross income — Before taxes. All sources count: salary, bonuses, rental income, VA benefits.
  • Credit score — Higher scores unlock better rates. A 740+ score gets you the best pricing.
  • Debt-to-income ratio (DTI) — Total monthly debts divided by gross income. FHA allows up to 57% in some cases.
  • Down payment — More down = lower monthly payment and potentially no PMI.
  • Employment history — Two years of steady income is the standard. Self-employed? We can work with that.

Remember: what you qualify for and what you're comfortable paying can be two different numbers. I always encourage buyers to think about their lifestyle, not just the maximum.

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Common Questions

What is the 28/36 rule for mortgages?

The 28/36 rule says your housing costs shouldn't exceed 28% of your gross monthly income, and your total debt payments shouldn't exceed 36%. It's a guideline, not a hard rule — some loan programs like FHA allow higher ratios.

Does my spouse's income count toward qualifying?

Yes, if you apply together. Both incomes are combined, but so are both debts. Sometimes it's better for only one spouse to apply if the other has significant debt or credit issues. I can run the numbers both ways.

Can I buy a house if I'm self-employed?

Absolutely. Self-employed borrowers typically need 2 years of tax returns and a year-to-date profit and loss statement. Your qualifying income is usually your net income after business deductions, so start organizing early.

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